Radiographic techniques were developed to demonstrate concealed alterations on passports. The Porta Ray X-ray system produced radiographs of genuine passports as well as altered passports demonstrating altered recessed window panels, photo substitutions, and page substitutions. Electronography was used to examine questioned watermarks possibly produced by the dandy roll method, mould-made method, or chemical application to surface of passport page. Radiography offers the advantage of non-destructive examination of suspect passports, while allowing evidence to remain as close to its original condition as possible for further examination by a defense expert. 7 references, 15 figures and photographs. (Author abstract modified)