Developments that led to the preparation of the volume include the emergence of gangs in smaller and medium-sized cities, the increased diversity in the composition of these gangs, the increased violence and use of sophisticated weapons, the controversy regarding the role of gangs in drug trafficking, and the controversy associated with the social context of gangs. The book brings together the perspectives of the best-known senior researchers on the subject. It presents sociological and anthropological perspectives, examines issues of definition and measurement, documents the increasing diffusion and diversity of gangs, and assesses the changing knowledge base regarding gangs. It also examines public policy issues associated with gangs and gang research.