This involved a nationwide probability sample survey of private nonagricultural establishments with one or more employees, stratified by size class, major industry division, and multistate region. It was designed to collect information on the incidence of drug testing and employee assistance programs in private industry. The survey also obtained data on drug-test results and the characteristics of employee assistance programs. Results indicate that drug-testing and employee assistance programs are not widespread. Small establishments are unlikely to have either a testing or assistance program. Drug-testing programs are aimed more toward job applicants than employees, and employee testing focuses on workers suspected of drug abuse. Consequently, respondents reported testing relatively few of their workers. Of the applicants and employees tested, only approximately 1 in 10 tested positive for drug use. Employee assistance programs were largely referral programs. 9 tables, appended explanatory notes, and questionnaire