In contrast to existing theories that focus on individual determination, the new theory purports that structural determinants such as socioeconomic conditions and increasing drug trade accounts for the increased involvement of women in drug crimes. Empirical data is provided regarding socioeconomic information at times of crime: age, marital status, and occupation as well as the site of the crime, presence or absence of an accomplice, type of drugs confiscated, and criminalization process. The data indicates that the growing economic crisis in Latin America with higher unemployment rates and marginalization of women has led to more women participating in the drug trade. However, because of its illegality, this new employment removes women from legal employment opportunities, stigmatizes them as criminals, and subjects them to a severe criminalization process. Further research is warranted in transitional situations such as in Venezuela to help further clarify the nature of female criminality. 13 notes and 15 references