The United States guidelines took effect in 1987, whereas the Canadian Commission's work represents an earlier stage of the process of writing guidelines. The movement for sentencing guidelines is likely to continue, because guidelines offer the most promising method to avoid overloading correctional resources. Nevertheless, the United States guidelines could produce a large increase in the Federal prison population. Judges can use the many exceptions to avoid incarcerative sentences, but this approach would achieve little rationality. It is likely that some judges will rely more on the Commission's grid and that others will rely more on the escape clauses, resulting in large disparities. The most urgent task is to scale down the penalties and provide noncustodial penalties such as fines and community services for the lower and intermediate-level offenses that now draw custodial sentences. 103 footnotes