Observations of architecture and interior design were conducted at five podular/direct supervision jails located in the western and eastern United States. Interviews were conducted with correctional staff and inmates at these facilities. The basic assumption of the podular/direct supervision jail is that architectural design and inmate-management style facilitate the establishment of a safe and humane custodial environment. The design requires inmates to be grouped in manageable units and housed in a space (typically called a module or pod) that facilitates continuous and direct staff observation and supervision. Each module houses between 16 and 46 inmates. Data from staff evaluations of such facilities indicate that corrections officers do not perceive their jobs as more satisfying than in traditional jails nor do they experience less stress. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Inmates in New Generation jails, on the other hand, are systematically more positive in their evaluations of facility climate and staff than are inmates in traditional jails. Fewer symptoms of inmate stress are also indicated. An agenda for future research regarding the effectiveness of New Generation jails is offered. 12 tables, appended research methodology, 210 references, and a subject index