Although the idea of private prisons has long existed in the United States, interest in privatization increased sharply only in the mid-1980's. The significant increases in inmate populations, changes in tax laws, and changing political attitudes all helped to stimulate interest in private corrections. However, the debate about the advantages and disadvantages of private corrections is likely to continue until the results of private systems are known. The arguments focus on efficiency, accountability, liability, and other issues. Initiatives for private prisons began in 1979 with Federal efforts and have spread to State systems. The Corrections Corporation of America and other private companies have become involved in operating private prisons. Early results are promising, but whether private companies can operate profitably is not yet clear.