As the number and proportion of Federal inmates convicted of drug-related offenses along with the number of inmates with drug abuse problems increases, the Federal Bureau of Prisons is establishing residential drug treatment programs and mechanisms for evaluating them. Research has indicated that a link does exist between substance abuse and criminal behavior. So the recent emphasis in drug treatment programs had been on drug education and limited group therapy. The Federal Bureau of Prisons' current response is to expand programs for substance-abusing offenders and to provide treatment through residential treatment units, followed by prerelease community-based residential programs and an extended period of aftercare services. The current level of programs are compared to previous Federal drug treatment efforts. A detailed lay out of the proposed drug treatment program initiatives concludes the article. 1 note