One rationale for getting tough on drug crime stems from the belief that drug users engage in crime to support their drug habits. However, the research shows that, while many criminally inclined people also tend toward drug use, substance abuse does not necessarily result in criminal behavior. An examination of recidivism data indicates that most drug offenders do not commit violent crimes against persons or property offenses. The drug offenders most likely to recidivate are black, male, and young with a prior history of probation or prison sentences. However, there is no indication that longer prison terms have a deterrent effect. Cost effective alternatives to incarceration of some drug offenders, including prison-based drug treatment programs or other State-sponsored and private efforts, are essential if prison space in Florida is to be used efficiently. 6 tables, 1 figure, 6 notes, and 7 references