Under the Contract Services for Drug Dependent Federal Offenders Act of 1978, the responsibility for operating aftercare programs was transferred from the Attorney General and the Bureau of Prisons to the Director of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. The Probation Division of the Administrative Office administers the overall program, and the chief probation officers of the Federal districts enter into contracts with community aftercare agencies, subject to approval by the Administrative Office. By the end of 1990, the services available by contract for all substance abusers included individual, group, and family counseling; intake assessment; intensive outpatient counseling; vocational testing, training, and placement; physical examinations; psychological and psychiatric evaluations; psychotherapy; outpatient detoxification; antagonist treatment; outpatient detoxification; methadone maintenance; and urinalysis. This article details the process of urinalysis and other methods of drug detection including the use of quality control. Recommendations for future aftercare services are offered. 15 notes