This paper overviews the history and current situation of HIV disease in the US and in American prisons. Drug-related factors among inmates are examined including the rate of drug use among arrestees and inmates, the link between drugs and HIV, and drug treatment options in the community and in prisons. For comparative value, several aspects of imprisonment in the US are analyzed: trends in the prison population, the correctional system, political features of corrections, involvement of the private sector in corrections, and the impact of litigation on corrections. American values identified by the author such as culture, the "quick fix" society, punishment and programs, and sexuality are examined in light of HIV disease. The findings of this report center on blind seroprevalence studies, HIV testing strategies, housing policies, prevailing attitudes, health care provision, medical confidentiality, education programs, sexual activity, resources, and community links. Areas on which the author recommends the prison service of England and Wales focus their attention include development of a clear HIV policy, HIV prevention education, integrated housing and programming, blind seroprevalence studies, medical care, testing and medical confidentiality, drug treatment, and establishment of community links and resources. 25 notes