Individual papers also discuss new chemical and instrumental methods for developing latent fingerprints, based on creative applications of principles derived from physics and organic chemistry. Systematic approaches that have been proposed for the further enhancement of latent prints on a variety of different surfaces are also discussed. Further papers focus on the development and implementation of automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) technology and on the features of individual AFIS systems. The guidelines for expert witnesses cover qualifications, evidence examination and worksheets, clothing and demeanor for court appearances, pretrial conferences with the prosecuting attorney, trial procedures, and related topics. Figures, illustrations, photographs, chapter reference lists, glossary, and index