A discussion of the various types of realities which occur in prisons and with which correctional officers need to come to terms begins the paper. Overcrowding and all the implications related to that situation such as restricted air movement and temperature control problems are presented as the main stress-causing realities facing correctional personnel. The effects of these types of realities on the correctional officer involve physical health effects such as stress related syndrome, mental health effects such as feelings of powerlessness and ambiguity towards the job, and attitudes towards the inmates. Professionalization and all its limitations and benefits are analyzed as a suggested "cure-all" for the problems facing the correctional officer. Implementation strategies presented are emphasis on training and education, upgrading pay scales, client/professional relationship with inmates, code of ethics, community sanction, and a professional association. The problems of professionalization concludes the paper. 40 references (Author abstract modified)