Projections of increased SAR needs are based on special surveys in Washington and Wyoming. The projections reflect an intuitive judgment derived from predictions of steadily increasing flood losses; accelerated occupancy of vulnerable coastal areas; increased traffic in hazardous chemicals and radioactive materials on interstate highways, railroads, and waterways; and expanded recreational pursuits. Researchers studied the SAR response in six disasters and used the tool of social mapping for each incident. Diagrams formulated in the social maps provided insights on the organizations and groups involved, communication and leadership patterns, and attitudes about the effectiveness of participating organizations. Researchers found that effective management of SAR efforts requires acknowledging that multiple units respond with varying bases of authority and sponsorship. Therefore, communication and coordination among the agencies involved are critical. Policy implications of the research findings are discussed, and recommendations to improve the quality of emergency SAR efforts are offered. Supplementary information on the SAR research is appended. 112 references, 32 tables, and 64 figures