Previous models of probation are inadequate, in large part because they fail to recognize the probation department as a system of inputs, throughputs, and outputs. Systems theory offers an alternative to these models by combining information on the resources, activities, and outcomes rather than analyzing each factor separately. Systems theory also permits analysis in a way that identifies the goals, describes the daily activities, and links activities to resources and outcomes. The use of systems theory to analyze probation has demonstrated that the basic determinant of the probation organization is the organization's management style. It has also indicated that training, participation, and open communication directly affect most other policies, the quality of life in the organization, and the quality of supervision. 41 references