The study included the formulation and an empirical test of a conditional social control theory. A main version was formulated as a cultural theory about the influence of social networks on social behavior. The study stressed the influence of school organization and student networks on the delinquent behavior of students. A preliminary study of 52 junior high schools was conducted in Dutch cities with more than 80,000 inhabitants. The main study was carried out 2 years later on a selection of 14 of the 52 schools. Research methods included half-structured interviews, structured observations, student and teacher surveys, a small survey of observers, and sociograms. Results indicated almost no influence of school features on social integration and petty crime, in contrast to the results of several other studies. Methodological explanations are offered for the conflicting results. First, schools chosen in the present study were all of the same type. Second, there are cultural differences between schools in the Netherlands. Further, all studied schools lacked intentional influence on students and internal cohesion with respect to educational policies. 27 references, 7 tables, and 2 figures