This study used a series of exploratory logistic regression models to distinguish between four types of maltreatment: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. According to the findings, physical neglect is the most predictable and distinguishable. In addition, physical neglect is most clearly related to economic factors, specifically low income and Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) status; race is not a significant factor. The results also indicate that sexual abuse and physical neglect occur at an earlier age than previously believed. The findings suggest the need to work with and provide services to families in poverty. Neglect could be reduced by providing health care including prenatal care to all families. Prevention programs for sexual abuse and neglect need to target families with very young children, however programs to reduce emotional abuse should recruit parents of adolescent children as well. 1 figure, 3 tables, 1 appendix, and 26 references (Author abstract modified)