Preventative planning techniques are emphasized here because they circumvent the misbehavior in most situations, they are easiest to teach, and they require little time, effort, or training. Teacher movement is one of the simplest preventative techniques. The correctional educator can also identify several positive social behaviors and model them for their students. One of the most effective procedures for many students is providing positive attention and approval. The delineation of rules is another important preventative technique. Among other preventative techniques used to manage classroom behavior are active involvement, teaching routines, motivation, group management skills, and skills training. When using anticipatory response techniques, the teacher watches for signs of upcoming misbehavior and uses positive techniques intended to redirect the student to more appropriate behavior. These techniques include proximity control, vicarious reinforcement, eye contact, signaling, naming, voice control, refocusing, and rule reminders. Finally, the teacher may have to resort to systematic interventions, designed to increase appropriate behavior or decrease inappropriate ones. Common positive techniques include social reinforcement, activity reinforcement, behavior contracts, token reinforcements, and level systems. Punishment procedures can include verbal reprimand, time-out, in-school suspension, and isolation. 13 references (Author abstract modified)