"Causes of action" in the civil field and the necessary elements that comprise these proceedings are discussed to provide the reader an opportunity to consider why there was a law suit instituted. "Periods of time" from the date of the act or omission are discussed to acquaint the reader as to when the suit must be brought and where it must be resolved. The issue of "how much" is discussed when "negligence" is the focus of the injured parties' rights to compensation. "Offenses" in the criminal field and the elements that comprise their make-up are portrayed to acquaint the reader with the actual and legal definitions of various offenses defined in the Penal Laws of the State of New York. The procedures of when and how the officer may make an arrest are discussed; and the principles of arraignment, bail, plea bargaining, and motion practice are reviewed as are trial preparation, principles of speedy trial, presentence reports, and sentencing. Penal law and criminal procedure law index