Members of the Virginia State Crime Commission conducted an extensive review of reports pertaining to drug testing programs and found that there is a high percentage of drug use among arrestees, particularly those who committed major felonies. Pilot studies in New York and the District of Columbia showed that more than half of those arrested had used drugs shortly before their arrest, and a substantial number of those involved in major felonies were using drugs. Further, the Commission concluded that drug testing of arrestees is an effective method of identifying those who pose high risks of pretrial rearrest, and that pretrial drug testing can significantly reduce those risks for many arrestees. The pilot studies revealed that pretrial rearrest rates were 50 percent higher for drug users than for nonusers. The Crime Commission report concludes with discussion and recommendations regarding the major issues involved in drug testing of arrestees: (1) applicable State law; drug testing procedures; appropriate agency jurisdiction; estimated cost of a pilot program; types of drugs for which to test; and potential effectiveness of the program. 5 appendices.