Several serious obstacles have hindered defense cooperation between the two countries, including India's nonalignment policy, the military relationship between the United States and Pakistan, different expectations about defense ties, divergent security and strategic concerns, the Indo-Soviet relationship, and the Pentagon's reluctance to transfer advanced military technology to India. However, defense ties have increased during the last decade as part of an overall rapprochement in bilateral relations. Although the obstacles have not disappeared, the countries have sought to deal with the obstacles in different ways and to permit cooperation to take place within the framework of their prevalence. The limits to defense cooperation reflect larger expectations and policies of the two countries, and bilateral, international, and domestic issues may still overturn the collaborative efforts. However, for several reasons a cautious, incremental consolidation of defense ties would be in the interests of both countries. Notes