The Department of Health and Human Services has conducted surveys covering the periods October 1990 through March 1991 and April 1991 through September 1991 and focusing on the program costs in Federal executive branch agencies. The first survey included cost information on 48 of the 51 agencies that tested employees and reported total direct costs of $3.8 million. The second survey profiled the programs of 131 agencies and included direct costs of $3.8 million for all 59 agencies that tested employes. The analyses of these costs indicated that costs could be reduced by decreasing the frequency of random drug testing, using in-house personnel rather than contractors for collecting employee specimens, eliminating the requirement of submitting negative test results to a medical review officer, and reducing requirements regarding laboratory quality assurance programs. Table and appended list of major contributors to the report