This chapter discusses the organization of the Yakuza, drug use in Japan, the current stimulant epidemic, organization of stimulant distribution, and factors affecting the price of stimulants. In contrast to Japan's success in halting the first stimulant epidemic following World War II, it appears rather difficult to end the second epidemic. Drug problems now derive not so much from poverty and social disorder but rather from affluence, alienation, and restlessness. Repeated revisions of the Stimulant Control Law and more punishment for violators have failed to have any apparent effect on the level of drug abuse. International drug organizations have not invaded Japan because the Japanese drug market is restricted by its ethnic homogeneity, the limited international use of the Japanese language, and the monopoly that the Yakuza have realized in supplying stimulants. The introduction of other types of drugs into Japan depends on the Yakuza. 2 tables and 9 references