Research on injecting drug users and prisons was a key focus of the conference. About 230 abstracts are included that cover the epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS, AIDS treatment and prevention, the incidence of HIV infection in prisons, and high-risk behavior. Research studies cited in the abstracts deal with the link between intravenous drug use and AIDS, pathological and clinical manifestations of HIV infection, the epidemiology of other STD's, needle and syringe exchange programs, drug abuse treatment, and the transmission of tuberculosis and AIDS in prisons. The studies also examine high-risk behavior patterns, such as cocaine use, homosexual activity, and prostitution. Conference participants, who came from Canada, Europe, the United States, South America (Brazil and Argentina), India, Thailand, and Mozambique, concluded that the global population of injecting drug users is larger than a decade ago, that HIV infection is spreading rapidly among drug user populations in many developing countries, and that high-risk behavior is declining among intravenous drug users in countries that attempt to measure the prevalence of risky behavior.