The introductory paper notes that the escalating "War on Drugs" engendered a criminal justice process that appeared to be "drug-driven" in almost every respect. This has produced an effort to provide drug treatment in correctional settings so as to prevent recidivism. This is followed by a paper that discusses distinctive treatment strategies for drug-abusing women offenders. The advantages and problems of therapeutic drug treatment communities in prisons are then considered. Three papers discuss drug treatment in jails and detention settings, case-management approaches for criminal justice clients, and addressing the problems of substance abuse in juvenile corrections. An assessment of the Treatment Alternative to Street Crime (TASC) Program focuses on extending, refining, and assessing the model to prepare the program for the next 20 years. A discussion of the assessment and referral of criminal justice clients examines the Focused Offender Disposition Program, which developed an initial classification system to facilitate drug treatment-offender matching. Remaining papers address inmate drug treatment programming in the Federal Bureau of Prisons, advances in prison drug treatment, and substance abuse and HIV among criminal justice populations. Chapter references and name and subject indexes