These studies have examined the influence of showups, stress, the question of weapon focus, and the phenomenon of unconscious transference on eyewitness accounts. The author concludes that the scientific basis for eyewitness identification is generally inadequate and that research in the field has served merely to strengthen these arguments. Guidelines for future research presented here emphasize the need for more scientifically qualified, careful, balanced, and prudent presentation; the urgency of avoiding misrepresentation of study results; and the need to state all limitations and qualifiers on the testimony that is given. 52 references