The act established the Commission on National and Community Service which focuses largely on youth service. The commission recognizes that young people engaged in productive service can build self-esteem and self- discipline, develop practical skills, and establish community bonds and a sense of civic responsibility. In addition, youth-serving organizations and community-based groups increasingly view young people as resources for the community rather than as recipients needing services themselves. The commission believes that elementary, middle, and high schools in every State and major metropolitan area should incorporate community service in the curriculum and that all middle school students should have the opportunity to participate in an intensive community service program at least once before high school. The role of community service in higher education is addressed, as well as youth corps programs that help participants develop job skills and discipline and the building of a national community service network. Footnotes, figures, and photographs