Catharsis theory posits the view that audiences of televised violence stave off their aggressive tendencies by means of vicarious participation in a protagonists aggressive expressions or actions. However, extensive empirical findings challenge this theory. In addition, research on observational learning theory, reinforcement theory, cultivation theory, and desensitization theory point to the inherent fallaciousness of the catharsis theory and generally regard violent media presentations as harmful agents. Several actions could reduce the harmful effects, especially with respect to children. These include public education, ratings of television programming and the revision of moving ratings, and improved regulation by the Federal Communications Commission. 38 references