This report examines how the communities of Aurora, Colorado; Richmond, Virginia; Rockville, Maryland; and Hayward, California, have implemented community-oriented policing programs. The case studies were selected based on three criteria: (1) community-oriented policing had been in full operation for at least one year, (2) the city manager or administrator had played a key role in the switch, and (3) community-oriented policing involved law enforcement and other city agencies. Each case study focuses on five areas, including role of the city manager, method of implementation, program design and allocation, results, and lessons learned. These case studies illustrate that community-oriented policing does not replace tough police work, that it must be accepted as a holistic philosophy and way of thinking, that it does not undermine the screening process or accountability procedures of the modern professional police agency, that is must be supported by the department's middle management and senior career officers, and that is must be institutionalized as a philosophy.