Data were collected on 261 patients admitted to two methadone treatment clinics supported by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration in Philadelphia. One hundred forty-one patients were under probation or parole or had criminal charges pending; the remaining 120 patients were non-criminal justice cases. Fitting the available data to the model used here, the criminal justice cases were slightly more disturbed and had a slightly worse outcome, measured by urine tests, retention rates, and employment, than non- criminal justice cases. There was little difference between the two groups in terms of sex, age, and race. The results are inconclusive regarding the efficacy of mild to moderate criminal justice pressure under the conditions of this study.