Responses came from 46 systems in the United States, including the Federal Probation and Pretrial Service System, and nine provinces and the Correctional Services of Canada. Results revealed that 59 percent of parole and probation officers in the United States and 47 percent in Canada are male. Probation and parole agencies have high eligibility requirements for new officers, and the average salaries reflect the training and education expected. Monthly caseloads are 76 for parole officers, 153 for probation officers, and 101 for officers who handle both probationers and parolees. No Canadian probation officers are authorized to carry firearms, but 70 percent of the systems in the United States have State laws allowing probation officers, parole officers, or both to carry firearms. However, few incidents have occurred that have involved parole/probation officers. Chart presenting State-by-State information