Each program is describes with respect to its purpose, characteristics, eligible population, and research findings regarding its use and effectiveness in terms of recidivism prevention and other factors. The programs include traditional fines and day fines, community service orders, regular supervised probation, intensive supervision programs of probation and parole, electronic house arrest, and day reporting centers. Other programs include residential facilities such as halfway houses and drug treatment programs, shock incarceration programs, split sentences, and client specific planning programs (community penalty programs). 32 references