Thirty-nine States plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands are under court order or consent decree to limit their prison population, improve conditions in either the entire State system or its major facilities, or both. Thirty-three jurisdictions are under court order for overcrowding or conditions in at least one of their major prison facilities, while nine jurisdictions are under court order covering their entire system. The American Civil Liberties Union has been involved in the litigation in many of these jurisdictions. The summary for each state lists the major cases and provides a chronology of major events and actions.