The discussion provides a history of the fetus in the law and the development of the doctrine of privacy by the U.S. Supreme Court; it notes that the fetus has been granted increasing legal protection over the past 200 years. The development of the methods used by prosecuting attorneys to establish standards of socially acceptable behavior during pregnancy is described, noting that in recent years prosecutors have developed increasing meticulous and ingenious methods of prosecuting women who use drugs during pregnancy. The roles of medical professionals and judges in these cases is also analyzed. Further sections examine the underlying causes of the crisis brought on by drug use among pregnant women, with emphasis on the underlying motivations behind the criminal prosecution of these women. The analysis concludes that prosecution subjugates the rights of women to autonomy to the rights of the fetus to be born in good health and overlooks the need to address the societal problems of poverty, inadequate prenatal care, and the need for drug treatment for pregnant women. Notes, index, and 56 references