The UN has undertaken initiatives to eliminate violence against women. Efforts have been made to understand women's rights and human rights and to facilitate international collaboration on gender issues. These efforts have taken the form of meetings, manuals, training, and clearinghouse activities. Violence against women and children has been on the agenda of the Council of Europe and the International Criminal Police Organization. Specialized UN agencies also involved in violence prevention include the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, as well as the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, the UN Children's Fund, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Centre for Human Rights. In addition, the UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network is actively engaged in initiatives that focus on violence against women and children. 2 notes