The emphasis of the Canadian correctional system is on the reduction of offending and effective reintegration of offenders into the community rather than on a simplistic just deserts model. The evolution of Canada's system is discussed, and components of the correctional process are detailed. These components include the assessment of risk and crimogenic factors, intervention strategies, the development of the correctional environment itself, and community risk management. The authors point out that most Canadians are apathetic about the Federal Corrections system unless the criminal behavior of others has affected their lives. 46 references, 1 table, and 2 figures