One of the myths that underlies incarceration for pregnant, drug-abusing female offenders is that the threat of incarceration will deter substance-dependent women from using drugs or alcohol during their pregnancies. Another myth is that pregnant, substance-dependent women will be adequately detoxified and will receive ongoing treatment for substance abuse while incarcerated. A third myth is that pregnant, substance-dependent women will receive adequate maternity care while incarcerated. A fourth myth is that such women have no access to drug or alcohol while incarcerated. A fifth myth is that even if incarceration is not ideal, it is the only effective solution for handling the problems of pregnant, substance-dependent women. The author argues that treatment, rather than punishment, must be the primary focus of the response to these women. There must be an expanded use of model programs that have a treatment regime that targets the needs of pregnant, drug-abusing women. Additionally, there should be an emphasis on educating youth and the general public about the effects of drug and alcohol consumption on fetal development. Finally, rather than taking a punitive approach to pregnant, substance-dependent women by incarcerating them, corrections policymakers must seek solutions that focus on treatment and recovery.