The author contends that modern ideas of equality must look beyond mere formal equality to recognize that inequality and discrimination can result from a criminal justice law or policy that appears to be neutral but has a disproportionately negative impact on minority group. He notes the lack of Canadian research on racial and ethnic minorities and their treatment as offenders or victims in the criminal justice system. The author also examines problems in data collection and analysis and the need for better empirical research on minorities in the criminal justice system. Criminal justice issues that affect minority groups are addressed, such as justice administration, substantive criminal law, civil justice, public legal education, and immigrant experience issues. References and footnotes