Every behavioral and medical treatment regime should be evaluated to determine whether treatment is better than no treatment, whether treatment is worse than no treatment, whether one treatment is better than another, the extent of treatment required for desired outcomes, whether quality of life has changed because drinking patterns have changed, and whether the benefits of treatment are worth the cost. A review of various types of research methodology concludes that controlled clinical trials assess treatment with the least bias, double-blind studies keep research results objective, and a well-done study follows up all participants. Many commonly used treatments have not been adequately evaluated and need to undergo controlled clinical trials. These trials will not only verify the effectiveness of treatment but also may help to improve outcome and cost- effectiveness. Results of a study by Hayashida and colleagues show that inpatient rehabilitation produces a more effective outcome than Alcoholics Anonymous alone. Other treatments shown to be effective by research are stress management therapy, assertiveness and communication skills training, behavioral self- control training, and behavioral marital therapy. This paper also discusses medications and an increase in treatment efficiency through outcome research. 21 references