Based on a review of the drug-testing plans prepared by civilian Cabinet-level agencies and cost estimates prepared by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the study identified several areas of concern regarding program uniformity, employee rights, program costs, and the need for continuing oversight of the drug-testing programs. The study found that agencies vary in the positions identified as subject to drug testing, the frequency of testing, and the drugs for which employees are tested. Consequently, a uniform set of testing criteria will not be applied to the Federal workforce. Agency plans do not detail certain aspects of employee rights and agency disciplinary actions. The plans restrict applicant access to relevant drug test records and do not provide guidance on procedures to follow if an applicant chooses to challenge drug-test results. OMB cost estimates show notable variances among the agencies, and no provision exists for centralized, continuing oversight of the drug-testing programs.