No justification exists for the prohibitionist approach with which the United States and other countries address drugs. The three main myths guiding drug policies are that narcotics consumption was widespread in the United States until at least 1920; that rational and scientific solutions can reform policies; and that addiction is the inevitable outcome of prolonged narcotics use. However, no reliable evidence of the harmful physiological, psychological, or sociological effects of drugs on humans exists to justify the extremely heavy sanctions that prohibition provides and on which it is generally though to depend for its effect. In addition, because society deals unjustifiably with drug users under an illusion about drugs' effects, it creates the very conditions that prohibition is meant to address. These include physical and mental breakdown, social stigma and isolation, crime, and death. Therefore, policies should gradually change. Logic suggests that with controls, the use of narcotics can eventually decriminalized, and a reconstruction accomplished in the way in which drugs are not produced and distributed. Society must recognize that drug-taking is not likely to disappear, that the current policy of prohibition is arbitrary and discriminatory, and that an intensive period of research is needed to determine the direction of change in Australia. Table and reference notes