The accounts of each country's system have been compiled from the various reports prepared by the country experts. The countries whose probation systems are profiled are Australia, Sweden, England, Wales, Scotland, Canada, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Israel, Japan, and Hungary. Two of the countries, Australia and Canada, have a federal structure. The probation profile for Australia contains three examples of individual probation systems at the State level: New South Wales, South Australia, and Western Australia. The description of probation in Australia also contains an inset that discusses the treatment of Aboriginal offenders in Australia. The profile of probation in Canada provides an overview of Provinces' arrangements for probation. Included in the discussion of probation in Papua New Guinea is an inset about the village courts in this country. The description of probation in England and Wales includes an inset on official performance indicators.