The author maintains that the true causes of violence are rooted in socioeconomic factors such as poverty and racism which are virtually ignored by public health proponents. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has proposed a national public health campaign against violence, but the CDC approach may be misguided because it does not focus sufficiently on socioeconomic factors. In addition, public statements made by the U.S. Surgeon General do not adequately address socioeconomic dimensions of violence. The problem of violence is particularly significant for black and Hispanic youth who live in inner cities. These youth are exposed to drugs, inadequate housing and recreational facilities, underfunded schools, and no jobs. Structural responses to these inequities are essential in order to reduce violence.