In describing U.S. mechanisms for international extradition, the article focuses on the Office of International Affairs in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. extradition law. A review of legal principles and procedures applicable to international extradition proceedings addresses the nature of the extradition hearing, distinctive features of the law of extradition, and special considerations in extradition. A discussion of alternatives to extradition considers deportation under domestic immigration laws; expulsion of a fugitive from the country to which he has fled; and extraordinary rendition, or the forcible return of a fugitive to the United States. The paper's discussion of the changing face of international law enforcement cooperation presents examples of how extradition and mutual legal assistance can work together to increase the disruptive and deterrent effects of international law enforcement initiatives; this section also assesses changes in recent multilateral efforts against transnational criminal activity. A table of cases cited