Although program goals vary from school to school, the approach of peer mediation programs is the same, to teach students negotiation skills they need to settle conflicts peacefully. The concept of using formal dispute resolution to control potentially violent interpersonal situations had its origins in the 1960's, and school-based mediation is now considered to be an effective way of dealing with conflict. School-based mediation programs in New York City, such as SMART (School Mediators Alternative Resolution Team), have reduced fight-related suspensions by as much as 70 percent. In Chicago, conflict resolution has become a mandatory part of the curriculum for 9th and 10th graders in all the city's high schools. Peer mediation programs have also been established in New Mexico schools, juvenile detention centers, and elementary and secondary schools. The genesis and operation of SHARP at Calvin Coolidge High School and program successes are detailed. Steps in the mediation process are outlined.