Conference participants recognized the large number of children in neglecting families and viewed the issue as a major social problem in contemporary society. They explored short-term and long-term consequences of neglect, including chronic school failure, poor health, disabled young adulthood, and negative intergenerational effects. Conference participants also attempted to explain the issue of child neglect and discussed treatment models and policy considerations. They argued that services should be available not only to children in immediate danger but also to children who vulnerable to long-term consequences of neglect. Findings from several demonstration projects suggested that multiservice projects offer a modest chance to improve the life situation of neglecting families and children. Conference participants noted that it has become increasingly difficult to reconcile the dual roles of child protection and family preservation, that the usefulness of risk assessment instruments employed by child protection workers is under scrutiny, that there is no consensus on community standards for assessing the safety of neglected children, and that the suitability of rigid time limits in which to make decisions regarding the removal of children from the family is being challenged. Particular attention is paid to the importance of social networks and support, risk assessment, and developmental outcomes for children. References and tables