Surveys of offender rehabilitation programs indicate that well-conceptualized actuarial assessments for the purpose of treatment rarely occur. Additionally, risk and need theories have been developed that link assessment and treatment in the context of reducing recidivism, but risk and need have the most significance for assessment. The risk principle states that offenders must be assessed thoroughly on a wide range of factors that predict recidivism. Characteristics of offender treatment programs that reduce recidivism are described. Obstacles to future progress in offender rehabilitation are identified, including theoreticism, failure to effect technology, and lack of suitable training programs. Ways in which scholars, clinicians, and policymakers can overcome these obstacles are discussed. 90 references and 1 note