Criminal psychopaths are described by the PCL-R as being grandiose, callous, manipulative, emotionally labile, impulsive, and exhibiting risk-taking behavior. PCL ratings of this study sample were made by using a detailed file review and semistructured interview, both of which were completed after the release for unescorted temporary absences but prior to parole. The actuarial scales chosen were the Base Expectancy Score, the Recidivism Prediction Scale, and the Salient Factor Score. Variables reflected on these scales include current age, age at first conviction, employment stability, number of prior imprisonments, and index offense. The recommittal or general recidivism rate for the entire sample was 57 percent (40 percent for nonpsychopaths, 51.2 percent for a mixed group, and 85 percent for psychopaths). The violent reoffense rate was 10 percent for the sample (nonpsychopaths 0 percent, mixed 7.3 percent, psychopaths 25 percent). All instruments were significantly correlated with general recidivism; however, the PCL-R was the best predictor of violent recidivism. Compared to the actuarial scales, the PCL-R had a higher predictive efficiency (relative improvement over chance) and yielded fewer decision errors. Most importantly, Factor 1 was a better predictor of violent recidivism than Factor 2, suggesting that the trait construct of psychopathy makes a unique contribution to the prediction of violent recidivism. 2 tables, 1 figure, and 42 references