Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) are the leading cause of mental retardation. In some children, exposure to prenatal alcohol can create behavioral problems consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Conduct problems such as cheating, lying, stealing, lack of consideration, unhappiness, and poor adaptive behavior are also prevalent in adolescents with FAS. A prenatal history should include questions about alcohol and other drug use for all women, regardless of race or social class. Educational prevention should be implemented in a variety of ways. Families are also a valuable source of information and expertise regarding the needs and problems of their children. Teachers can help families cope with their children's special needs. A variety of intervention strategies have been researched and determined to be effective over the past 20-30 years. Interventions will improve behavior only when implemented correctly. 48 references (Author abstract modified)