Two chapters on sentencing are concerned with sentencing decisions and options, determinate and indeterminate sentences, changes in sentencing practices, sentencing reform, presentence investigations, and intermediate controls. Chapters on probation and parole look at the historical development of probation and parole in the United States, juvenile probation, probation conditions, restitution, community service, probation revocation, the parole selection process, shock parole, factors influencing parole decisions, recidivism, parole revocation, and responsibilities of probation and parole officers. Final chapters discuss caseload assignment models, casework supervision versus brokerage supervision, case management classification systems, service delivery strategies, intermediate sanctions (intensive supervision, electronic monitoring, and house arrest), community residential corrections programs, the effectiveness of community corrections, and the future of community corrections. References, notes, tables, and figures